نمونه ترجمه تخصصی مدیریتی درباره استقلال حرفه ای و استرس شغلی

Professional independence and job stress

Nursing is one of the key parts of health and treatment sector. Nursing professional has a critical role in preserving health in society [1]. Nurses constitute the largest workforce group in health system. Nurses in the ICU constantly deal with critical situations and provide cares to patients in critical situation with a chance of improvement [2]. Nurses have to make decisions and undertake the liability of their decisions to handle such situations. The key tool to become a professional nurse is professional independence [3]. Professional independence in nurses is to have the power and responsibility to perform tasks and make decisions about patient’s need and implement such decisions [4]. Professional independence enables nurses to make proper decisions to establish and preserve safety of patients, improve the quality of care and outcomes for patient [5], keep nurses in their profession [5], and ensure job satisfaction [6]. According to Wang W-T, Hou Y-P (2015], nurses’ performance is correlated with their independence level [7]. Dorgham argued that a key factor in professional independence of nurses is their ability to make decision, which forms the basis of professional knowledge in them [8]. Still, nurses’ status to make clinical decisions is not clear yet [9] and nurses have marginal role in such decision-making. This creates stress in work environment (job stress) [10]. Low professional independence and power are the factors in leaving job or transfer to non-clinical wards [11]. Job stress is an emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and mental reaction that troubles one-third of workers in different sectors [12, 13]. It appears when the expectations are higher than the granted power and capabilities [14]. Nursing is a stressful job [15] and this stress in higher in ICU nurses. The reason form this is the close professional interaction with nurses in other wards and health team members, verbal communication with patients and patient’s companions, necessity of a high skill level, necessity of showing fast reaction to emergency situation, and the heavy liability of looking after patients [18]. Literature review showed that among 130 professions, nursing professional was in the 27th position in terms of seeking medical care because of mental health problems [19]. According to Alipour et al. (2018), high stress level prepares the ground for several chronical physical diseases and mental problems. It also decreases productivity and it is one of the reasons for leaving job or changing ward. Job stress ruins nurse-patient relationship [20], decreases creativity, professional satisfaction, and chance of making right and timely decisions, and creates dissatisfaction in patients [21]. Ghanei et al. (2017) examined job stress in 15 years period and showed that stress had had an ascending trend over the recent years. They reported that the mean score of job stress was 96.56 [22].