نمونه ترجمه تخصصی روانشناسی درباره سردردهای میگرنی

Migraine headache

Headache is the most prevalent neural symptom and one of the main medical complains. Migraine headache is a specific invasive disorder with one side headaches with or without visual or stomach-intestinal problems (e.g. nausea, vomiting, and photophobia). One probable cause of the headache is intracranial blood pressure [1]. In fact, migraine is a sort of sensory processing disorder with wide branches within the central nervous system. Currently, there is a general agreement that the nervous and vascular elements have a role to play in migraine. The nervous structures that affect migraine are the cerebral cortex and brainstem [2]. There are two general categories of migraine; migraine without aura and migraine with aura [3]. The former is the most common migraine vascular headache that is experienced by more than 80% of migraine patients. The latter, also known as classic migraine, is the less prevalent migraine and constitute 15-20% of migraine cases. The difference between the classic migraine and migraine without aura is that in the former case, the patient experiences a series of neural disorders (e.g. appearance of illuminous spots and paresthesia) [4]. Migraine is also related two physical fatigue, emotional stresses, depression, and other psychological factors [5]. Migraine headache may influence patient’s work and social/private life with negative effects on one’s quality of life when it happens [6]. Recent studies have shown that migraine increases the risk of cardiac diseases, blockage, and hypertension. Authors have argued that the disease creates notable pressure and stress and this affects one’s heartbeat and blood pressure [7]. In addition, psychological problems are common among patients with chronic headache, so that a higher percent of patients with migraine headache also suffer depression, and anxiety disorders [8]. One of the prevalent patterns of migraine headaches is frequent intrusive thoughts that appear as rumination [9]. Abdolahi reported a relationship between rumination and migraine [10]. Rumination refers to the thoughts that tend to be repeatable and conscious and focused on a specific subject; they even appears in absence of immediate and essential environmental stimuli [11]. Papajorjio and Wales showed that rumination is a long chain of repetitive, rotating, and self-centered thoughts and a response to primary negative .thoughts