نمونه ترجمه تخصصی پزشکی درباره سرطان سلول های سنگفرشی دهان

Oral squamous cells carcinoma

Oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) is featured with a high level of topical invasion, metastasis, and high mortality rate. Despite advances in therapeutic techniques like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery over the past few decades, the mortality rate of the disease still is high [8, 7]. It is a rare disease with high mortality rate [9]. Etiology of OSCC is multi factors and it occurs through a multi-stage process. Changes and damages affect and destabilize DNA [10]. OSCC is the most common oral cancer with epithelium causes in the oral cavity. The disease covers 90% of oral malignancies [10]. Smoking (Cigarette and tobacco) and alcoholic drinks are the main factors effective on development of oral cancer. Studies have shown that more than 50% of the patients smoke and the prevalent of the disease in the smokers is 2-3 times of the non-smokers [12]. Diagnosing the cancer through finding an accurate and effective relationship between biomarkers and the clinical symptoms of the disease and designing a non-invasive diagnosis method at the early stages of the disease is a serious challenge [18, 19]. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers help the physicians to identify the cases with the higher risk of the cancer in early examinations. Through this, the physician has the opportunity to adopt the most effective medication [20, 21]. Recently, biomarkers have drawn a great deal of attention for early diagnosis of cancer [24]. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is a member of بیناینی stand proteins family (Keratin family). The family includes 20 types of polypeptides, plays the main role in preserving integrity of epithelial cells, and it is one of the highly effective markers in diagnosing and controlling tumors [7]. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein of cell membrane that acts as a tumor marker for diagnosing cancers. It is effective on adhesiveness of cell and it is usually synthesized during embryo development and stops functioning short before child birth [4]. Increase of serum level of CEA is a prognostic of the disease. Still, using more than one marker and carrying out molecular tests to examine mutations are more effective treatment methods.