نمونه ترجمه تخصصی فلسفی درباره شکاف میان معرفت و فعل اخلاقی

The gap between episteme and moral action

In his analysis of moral weaknesses, Macnaghten pays attention to ethical motivation. He tries to elaborate on realistic and noncognitivist viewpoints and highlights his viewpoints through analyzing the strength and weaknesses of such viewpoints. He believes that realism and noncognitivism as represented by the proponents cannot elaborate on the motivations and causes of immoralities. He argues that moral obligations are independent from desires as their presence and role in creating a reason for an action depends on the doer’s perception of the situation rather than their desire. And, only a cognitive perception of ethical motivation can create such perception of moral obligation. In fact, Mcnaghten believes in a sort of realism that leads to moral particularism based on which moral motivation and even the causes of moral weaknesses should be evaluated based on the situation in which the action takes place. Moreover, he belittles the effect of moral principles; however, by neglecting the moral principles, we face the problem of explaining noncognitivism. Indeed, Mcnaghten highlights in his analysis of moral weaknesses two types of limited and general perceptions of situation. In the case of limited perception, one acts in his own favor and in general perception, one acts as if he deserves the title virtue -oriented individual and such perception of the situation is not easy to achieve.