نمونه ترجمه تخصصی علوم غذایی درباره تغییرات رشد و پاتوبیوشیمی در نتیجه مصرف لازالوسید و فلورفنیکل

growth and pathobiochemical due to the use of lasalocid and fluorophenykel A

A wide range of antimicrobials are used by poultry industries in different countries [3, 4]. The antimicrobials are natural or synthesized factors that can kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth. The antimicrobials are one of the essential tools in the poultry industry to treat and control bacterial infections. The mutual relationships between bacteria, antimicrobial factors, the host, and the simultaneous administration are determinant factors in designing logical plans of administering drugs [1]. Felorfenicol affects several negative gram and positive gram organisms such as some strains resistive to chloramphenicol, E. coli, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus. Through inhibiting protein synthesis, it can inhibit peptidyl transferases enzyme [9, 10]. Felorfenicol belongs to wide spectrum antibiotic group with a structure that is similar to chloramphenicol; however, despite chloramphenicol it does not cause aplastic anemia thanks to lack of O-nitro group. Long-term use, however, might degrade bone morrow (Ben et al., 2019). Felorfenicol is similar to chloramphenicol in terms of activity and range of effect and it is more active in some cases compared to chloramphenicol. Since hydroxyl group is replaced with fluorine molecule, felorfenicol is less resistive to bacteria with chloramphenicol acetyltransferases [2]. Wide and relatively more intensive pharmaceutical activity of the drug compared to chloramphenicol; the fact that there are fewer cases resistive to felorfenicol; and since felorfenicol does no create aplastic anemia when the right dose and term are observed have made felorfenicol a popular choice in poultry industry (2, 3). Lasalocid is one of the ionophore coccidiostats used to control coccidiostats in chicken and turkey. The compound is also featured with selective antimicrobial activity against positive gram bacteria [14, 15]. Compared to other ionophore drugs, lasalocid has a higher safety factor and is more compatible with other additive and drug materials (Novilla, 2018). Despite the fact that ionophores and tiamulin cannot be used simultaneously, lasalocid can be used with tiamulin [2, 4]. In general, high compatibility of the drug for coccidiosis prevention program, the high safety factor, and its compatibility with other drugs, make it a common choice as a coccidiostat in poultry industry (Noack et al., 2019). It is reported that the simultaneous use of felorfenicol and lasalocid causes muscular side-effects and, in some cases, paralysis and loss of balance in poultry not to mention its negative effect on feeding [4]. Taking into account the similar structure of felorfenicol and chloramphenicol, the present study is an attempt to examine simultaneous use of felorfenicol and lasalocid in broiler herd. The former is a coccidiostat compound that can be used in food regimen from the early days of nurturing until five days before slaughtering (Sundar et al., 2017). A wide range of antimicrobials are used by poultry industries in different countries [3, 4]. The antimicrobials are natural or synthesized factors that can kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth. The antimicrobials are one of the essential tools in the poultry industry to treat and control bacterial infections. The mutual relationships between bacteria, antimicrobial factors, the host, and the simultaneous administration are determinant factors in designing logical plans of administering drugs [1]. Felorfenicol affects several negative gram and positive gram organisms such as some strains resistive to chloramphenicol, E. coli, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus. Through inhibiting protein synthesis, it can inhibit peptidyl transferases enzyme [9, 10]. Felorfenicol belongs to wide spectrum antibiotic group with a structure that is similar to chloramphenicol; however, despite chloramphenicol it does not cause aplastic anemia thanks to lack of O-nitro group. Long-term use, however, might degrade bone morrow (Ben et al., 2019). Felorfenicol is similar to chloramphenicol in terms of activity and range of effect and it is more active in some cases compared to chloramphenicol. Since hydroxyl group is replaced with fluorine molecule, felorfenicol is less resistive to bacteria with chloramphenicol acetyltransferases [2]. Wide and relatively more intensive pharmaceutical activity of the drug compared to chloramphenicol; the fact that there are fewer cases resistive to felorfenicol; and since felorfenicol does no create aplastic anemia when the right dose and term are observed have made felorfenicol a popular choice in poultry industry (2, 3). Lasalocid is one of the ionophore coccidiostats used to control coccidiostats in chicken and turkey. The compound is also featured with selective antimicrobial activity against positive gram bacteria [14, 15]. Compared to other ionophore drugs, lasalocid has a higher safety factor and is more compatible with other additive and drug materials (Novilla, 2018). Despite the fact that ionophores and tiamulin cannot be used simultaneously, lasalocid can be used with tiamulin [2, 4]. In general, high compatibility of the drug for coccidiosis prevention program, the high safety factor, and its compatibility with other drugs, make it a common choice as a coccidiostat in poultry industry (Noack et al., 2019). It is reported that the simultaneous use of felorfenicol and lasalocid causes muscular side-effects and, in some cases, paralysis and loss of balance in poultry not to mention its negative effect on feeding [4]. Taking into account the similar structure of felorfenicol and chloramphenicol, the present study is an attempt to examine simultaneous use of felorfenicol and lasalocid in broiler herd. The former is a coccidiostat compound that can be used in food regimen from the early days of nurturing until five days before slaughtering (Sundar et al., 2017).