نمونه ترجمه تخصصی اقتصادی درباره توسعه مالی و فقر

Financial development and poverty

According to economists like Schumpeter (1934) and Hicks (1985) developed financial systems are the driving force of economic development and growth at national level. Through attenuating the costs of supervision, transactions, and information, such systems play a key role in improvement of financial intermediary. By finding and funding business opportunities, equipping savings (تجهیز منابع), covering and diversifying risks and facilitate goods and services transactions, developed financial systems prepare the ground for expansion of investment opportunities. Better allotment of resources, improvement of investment, and accelerating capital accumulation lead to higher economic growth and national revenue at macro levels (Greane et al., 2004). A notable point, however, is the effectiveness of financial development on distribution of wealth -i.e. income inequality and poverty. It is not clear if higher income and productivity are the only outcomes of financial development or it also leads to more just wealth distribution and attenuates income inequality and poverty? This is a critical issue mainly for the developing and even undeveloped countries including Muslim countries that claim to be the pioneers of expanding equality, social justice, and eradicating poverty. The point is that despite a desirable economic growth rate in some of these countries, which many factors are responsible for, inequality and poverty still are not eradiated in these countries. Given that financial development, apparently and like development of financial and credit tools, can provide the opportunity for poor and low-income classes to take part in economic activities; however, underdeveloped financial markets, failure of formation of domestic gross capital, absence of a political structure to support economic development, state’s control on economy and small private sectors in Muslim countries add to the risk of using financial development. In light of this, the present study is a survey of the effectiveness of financial development in alleviation of poverty in the Muslim countries. The study asks “If financial development in the selected members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is effective in alleviation of poverty in these countries?”