Photovoltai technology (PV) can be one of the great solution for energy generation as it is more economic than other renewable and common energy resources. Dye-sensitized solar cell (Dssc) is the third generation of solar cells with accessible raw materials and inexpensive production process. Crystal silicon based and thin layer solar cells have different performance in comparison with dye-solar cells. Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid to Nano-structure metal-oxide electrodes for potential applications in many technologies such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), electro-chromicoinder machines, electro-luminescence, and biological and chemical sensors. To have higher performance, electrodes need to have better electron transmitting characteristics and high surface range, though these systems function based on different principles.
A limitation to achieve higher performance in dye-solar cells is the waste of energy due to recombination of electrons and oxidized dye-molecules or electrophile species in electrolyte during load transmit process. This is of more importance due to absence of discharge layer in Tio2 nano-crystalite and becomes more significant with increase in photo-electrode layer thickness. Replacing Tio2 with Zno holds great promises to overcome the challenge in DSSC nano-technology. Zno has identical physical properties and energy band structure with Tio2; however, electron mobility is 2-3 times of Tio2. It is expected therefore, that electron transmit is faster for ZnO and less energy is wasted due to recombination. Although, transform performance for Zno (4-5.8%) is much lower than that of Tio2 (11%), Zno is expected to be promising solution in comparison with TiO2 (thanks to the ease of crystallization and anisotropy).