نمونه ترجمه تخصصی علوم غذایی درباره ردیابی ملکولی انگل کریپتوسپوریدیوم در ماکیان خانگی

Molecular assessment of cryptosporidium parasite in domestic poultry

Cryptosporidium is a coccid protozoa parasite with a notable reproduction and proliferation capacity. It is extensively found in wild and domestic species around the world. The parasite is one of the most prevalent parasites in poultry so that they are found in 30 species of birds around the world such as chicken, turkey, duck, geese, quail, common pheasant, and peacock [1-3]. According to a specialized committee of FAO/WHO, cryptosporidium is the fifth top cause of zoonosis that is transferred through food [4]. The parasite can be found, throughout its growth process, in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems of birds. The produced oocyte by the parasite causes respiratory and digestive infections. The major symptom of cryptosporidium is continuous diarrhea [5]. The respiratory system infection is more severe than that of other organs and causes symptoms like nose secretions, respiratory pain, pneumonia, and formation of alveolar foam. Digestive infection in the host bird is caused by the benign cryptosporidium so that the parasite damages the intestine tissue and causes mild diarrhea [6-8]. Cryptosporidium disrupts the function and physiology of the intestine and causes pathological damages to the intestine cell that leads to other intestinal and digestive complications [9]. Moreover, the disease can be lethal or stop or delay the growth process in poultry. In addition, the inflicted birds become susceptible to secondary infections and respiratory infections in particular [10]. While cryptosporidium causes diseases in a wide range of animals, it had been neglected until the early 1980s. Later, it was found that the disease is one of the serious and common causes of diarrhea in some mammal and bird species. The relationship between cryptosporidium and prevalence of diarrhea with aquatic source in man led to a wider knowledge about the parasite [11]. Cryptosporidium contaminates soil and water through feces and oral secretion and the eggs that stay alive in the environment. Therefore, it has several ways to enter the food chain [12]. Oocytes are considered as a potential source of infection in man so that infection can happen through consuming contaminated food and water or direct content with contaminated individuals or animals. There are several cases of infection caused by the parasite in individuals with a direct contact with animals and poultry [13]. It has been found that cryptosporidium can cause clinical and sub-clinical respiratory, digestive, urinary, and genital diseases in man. The parasite may even cause life-threatening infections in individuals with immunodeficiency like HIV [14, 15]. Therefore, the parasite is of importance in terms of public health. As noted earlier, cryptosporidium can cause common diseases in many animals such as cow, sheep, goat, dog, cat, horse, poultry, and turkey.