نمونه ترجمه تخصصی روانشناسی درباره جراحی زیبایی

Cosmetic surgery

Desire for beauty is an age long comrade of man so that man, as a being, likes beauty (Ajaums-mcs,v1n2p109-fa). Cosmetic surgery is of the latest man’s achievements to create beauty. It is to alter body appearance for no medical reason or congenital/hereditary malformation and it can be effective in the improvement of quality of life [3]. In general, cosmetic surgeries are not done due to medical urgency and beauty is the sheer reason for doing them [4]. Nowadays, one’ body form affects the way social relationships are formed and people try to build a non-questionable personality that fits day social values (Aja 2). As a result, the demand for cosmetic surgery is growing fast so that 17.5million people had a cosmetic surgery in the USA in 2017, which is 137% higher comparing with 2000 [1]. Consistent with the rest of the world, cosmetic surgeries have become very popular in Asian countries and among the youth in particular in recent years (V24n5p53-en. Gums-hnmj-). For instance, eight out of every ten Korean women above 18 years old feels the need for a cosmetic surgery. Reports show that Iran is one of the top countries in terms of popularity of cosmetic surgeries and there is a growing demand for cosmetic surgeries in Iran. The increase in the rate of cosmetic surgery can be attributed to higher sensitivity to physical appearance in contemporary societies, lower cost of such interventions, and higher public awareness about cosmetic surgery for which the media is to blame. Other studies have highlighted individual factors like age, education level, parents’ education, and social-economic status [2]. With an increase in the awareness about cosmetic surgery, some authors have felt the urge to clarify the psychological factors in individuals who do cosmetic surgery. Previous studies have shown that there is a negative relationship between cosmetic surgery and physical attractiveness. Moreover, factors like stress and anxiety, low self-esteem, dissatisfaction with the body, positive attitudes to cosmetic surgery, and depression are effective in cosmetic surgery. As the evidences show, one reason for the increased popularity of cosmetic surgery is the positive attitudes towards it as a tool to improve one’s appearance (Gums-Hnmj-v24n4p53-en 5). Attitudes are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors that determine whether an action is perceived positive or negative (Hoo&Vaughan, 2008). Positive attitudes towards cosmetic surgery are not the same in different cultures so that they are a function of general perception of people about cosmetic surgery (Gums 7).